SAFAGEOHISTORIA

C.E.D.A.: (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups) coalition of Catholic conservative parties led by José Mª Gil Robles and created in 1933 to defend Spain from marxism. The CEDA formed a government with the Radical Republican Party’s Alejandro Lerroux during the Right-wing governments (1933-36).

 

STRAPERLO: Business which tried to introduce in Spain some fraudulent roulettes in the casinos of San Sebastián, Santander and Palma de Mallorca during Lerroux’s government in the Spanish Second Republic. It also has the meaning of any business which is illegal or corrupt. Most often it refers to smuggling. It was common under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco between 1936 and 1952.

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J.O.N.S.: (Unions of the National-Syndicalist Offensive) far-right political movement with uniform (blue shirt) and aesthetic (a flag with red, black and red vertical stripes) similar to contemporary European fascisms. “Spain: One, Big and Free” was its motto and the yoke and arrows (symbol of the Catholic Monarchs) one of the emblems. The merger with Spanish Traditionalist Phalanx formed FET de las JONS.

 

INTERNATIONAL BRIGADES: Military  units made up of volunteers from different countries (France, Germany, Austria, Poland, Italy, USA and United Kingdom), who traveled to Spain to fight for the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War until October 1938. The number has been estimated at between 32,000–35,000, though with no more than about 20,000 active at any one time.