3rd MISSION
GLADIATORS
Portal 4: Roman civilisation.
Vocabulary
JULIUS CAESAR: (100 BC – 44 BC) Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. After froming the First Triumvirate and the military victories in the Gallic Wars, he defied the Senate's authority by crossing the Rubicon and marching towards Rome, after uttering his famous phrase alea iacta est ("the die is cast"). Eventually proclaimed "dictator for life", his authoritarian reforms angered the elites, who began to conspire against him. On the Ides of March (15 March), 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators led by Brutus and Cassius, who stabbed him to death.
CENTURION: professional officer of the Roman army, who commanded a century of around 80 legionaries. He had to be literate, with connections, at least 30 years of age and have already served a few years in the military. Centurions often had important social status and held powerful positions in society.
ATTILA: (406–453), ruler of the Huns. During his reign, he was one of the most feared enemies of Rome. He invaded the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and also attempted to conquer the Gaul and Italy, devastating the northern provinces, but unable to take the capital. It was said that “The grass did not grow where Attila had passed”.
The origins of Rome
Ancient Rome song by Mr. Nicky
Rome
Ancient Rome 101 | National Geographic
The Roman Empire. Or Republic. Or...Which Was It?: Crash Course World History #10
The great conspiracy against Julius Caesar - Kathryn Tempest
Mediterranean expansion
Roman expansion
Roman society and economy
Portal 5: Classical cultures.
Vocabulary
MYTHOLOGY: collected myths with a sacred narrative that define the fundamental worldview of a culture by explaining aspects of the natural world: psychological, social and ideals of a society.
PLATO: (428/427or424/423–348/347 BC) Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Socrates, he was founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world, influencing over religion and spirituality.
ARISTOTLE: (384-322 BC) Greek philosopher and plymath. Taught by Plato, he founded the Lyceum, a school of philosophy. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, logic, poetry, tthreatre, music, psychology, economics and politics.
Greek & Roman culture and art
Greco-Roman Culture & Western Civilization
Greek Art History from Goodbye-Art Academy
Roman Art History from Goodbye-Art Academy
"History in 3D" - Ancient Rome 320 AD
Roman cities
Portal 6: The Iberian Peninsula in Antiquity.
Vocabulary
NUMANTIA: ancient Celtiberian settlement, whose remains are located 7 km north of the city of Soria, famous for its role in the Celtiberian Wars against Rome. After 20 years of hostilities, in the year 133 BC Scipio Aemilianus Africanus laid siege to the city and after 13 months of siege, the Numantians decided to burn the city before surrendering.
VIRIATHUS: (died 139 BC) the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania, where the Roman province of Lusitania would be finally established after the conquest. Viriatus developed alliances with other Iberian groups against Rome, but he was betrayed by them and murdered while sleeping.
GOLDSMITHERY: metalwork. The Treasure of Guarrazar, found in Guadamur, was composed of twenty-six votive crowns and gold crosses from the royal workshop in Toledo. The Visigothic fibulas, rings, belt buckles are also notable works.
Pre-Roman peoples,
Roman conquest and colonisation of Hispania
The animated history of Spain (from Tartessos to Rome)
Second Iron Age:
Iberians, Celts and other Pre-Roman peoples
Romans in Spain
The Romanisation of Hispania
Romanization
The end of Antiquity in the Iberian Peninsula
Visigoths in Spain
